Contact information

Email
calman.maclennan@ndm.ox.ac.uk

PA
Raquel Gomez-Menor Munoz
raquel.gomez-menor@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Website
https://www.jenner.ac.uk/

Colleges

Green Templeton College

Calman A. MacLennan

BM, BCh, DPhil, FHEA, FRCP, FRCPath

Professor of Vaccine Immunology (University of Birmingham)

Jenner Investigator and Group Leader - Gonococcal Vaccine Project, Jenner Institute
Director of BactiVac, the Bacterial Vaccines Network, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
Consultant Immunologist, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Senior Program Officer, Bacterial Vaccines, Global Health, Enteric & Diarrheal Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US

Vaccinologist, Immunologist & Clinician Scientist focused on bacterial infections and AMR

Calman MacLennan is a clinician scientist, vaccinologist and immunologist who joined the Jenner Institute in 2015. For the past 25 years, his career has focused on understanding mechanisms of immunological of protection against bacterial infections of global health significance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) concern. This knowledge has then been applied to the development of protective vaccines.

With experience of vaccine development in academia and industry, he has been involved in the development of several bacterial vaccines including one licensed vaccine against typhoid and other vaccines currently in clinical trials.

He leads the Gonococcal Vaccine Project which is using native Outer Membrane Vesicle (nOMV) technology to develop a candidate vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea infects 82.4 million people each year and is rapidly becoming resistant to all known antibiotics.

Professor MacLennan is the founder and director of BactiVac, the Bacterial Vaccines Network, a worldwide network based out of the University of Birmingham with a mission to accelerate the development of vaccines against bacterial pathogens as a countermeasure to AMR. He is a Consultant Immunologist at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Key publications

Threshold protective levels of serum IgG to Shigella lipopolysaccharide: re-analysis of Shigella vaccine trials data.

Cohen D. et al, (2023), Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 29, 366 - 371

Impact and Control of Sugar Size in Glycoconjugate Vaccines.

Stefanetti G. et al, (2022), Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27

The Shigella Vaccines Pipeline.

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), Vaccines, 10

Critical Needs in Advancing Shigella Vaccines for Global Health

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225, 1500 - 1503

Short Vi-polysaccharide abrogates T-independent immune response and hyporesponsiveness elicited by long Vi-CRM197conjugate vaccine

Micoli F. et al, (2020), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 24443 - 24449

Outer membrane vesicle vaccines

Micoli F. and MacLennan CA., (2020), Seminars in Immunology, 50, 101433 - 101433

Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy of equivalent outer membrane vesicle and glycoconjugate vaccines against nontyphoidal Salmonella

Micoli F. et al, (2018), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 10428 - 10433

Presentation of life-threatening invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Malawian children: A prospective observational study

MacLennan CA. et al, (2017), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, e0006027 - e0006027

Contribution of factor H-Binding protein sequence to the cross-reactivity of meningococcal native outer membrane vesicle vaccines with over-expressed fHbp variant group 1

Marini A. et al, (2017), PLOS ONE, 12, e0181508 - e0181508

Cytokine Profiles in Malawian Children Presenting with Uncomplicated Malaria, Severe Malarial Anemia, and Cerebral Malaria

Mandala WL. et al, (2017), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 24

Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014)

Uche IV. et al, (2017), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, e0005118 - e0005118

Characterization of O-antigen delivered by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal Salmonella

De Benedetto G. et al, (2017), Vaccine, 35, 419 - 426

Brief Report: Immunization of HIV-Infected Adults in the UK With Haemophilus influenzae b/Meningococcal C Glycoconjugate and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

MacLennan CA. et al, (2016), JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 73, 287 - 293

Cytokine Profiles during Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease Predict Outcome in African Children

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2016), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 23, 601 - 609

Bactericidal Immunity to Salmonella in Africans and Mechanisms Causing Its Failure in HIV Infection

Goh YS. et al, (2016), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10, e0004604 - e0004604

Monoclonal Antibodies of a Diverse Isotype Induced by an O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccine Mediate In Vitro and In Vivo Killing of African Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella

Goh YS. et al, (2015), Infection and Immunity, 83, 3722 - 3731

Genetic susceptibility to invasive Salmonella disease

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2015), Nature Reviews Immunology, 15, 452 - 463

Design of Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Invasive African Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Rondini S. et al, (2015), Infection and Immunity, 83, 996 - 1007

Vaccines against poverty

MacLennan CA. and Saul A., (2014), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 12307 - 12312

broadly-protective vaccine against meningococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa based on Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA)

Koeberling O. et al, (2014), Vaccine, 32, 2688 - 2695

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Micoli F. et al, (2013), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 19077 - 19082

Dysregulated Humoral Immunity to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in HIV-Infected African Adults

MacLennan CA. et al, (2010), Science, 328, 508 - 512

Importance of antibody and complement for oxidative burst and killing of invasive nontyphoidalSalmonellaby blood cells in Africans

Gondwe EN. et al, (2010), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 3070 - 3075

The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children

MacLennan CA. et al, (2008), Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118, 1553 - 1562

Recent publications

The age-specific concentrations and seroprevalence of antibodies against Salmonella Enteritidis (O:9) and Salmonella Typhimurium (O:4,5) across three sites in Kenya.

Muthumbi EM. et al, (2026), The Journal of infectious diseases

Vaccines and antimicrobial resistance: from science to policy—summary and outcomes

MacLennan CA. et al, (2026), Philosophical Transactions B, 381

Lessons from COVID-19: the 100 Days Mission and antimicrobial resistance

Hatchett R. and MacLennan CA., (2026), Philosophical Transactions B, 381

Vaccines and antimicrobial resistance: from science to policy—introduction

MacLennan CA. and Davies S., (2026), Philosophical Transactions B, 381

The immunology of infection

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2026), Medicine United Kingdom, 54, 1 - 8

Estimating the economic burden of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in low- and middle-income countries.

Lee J-S. et al, (2025), BMJ global health, 10

Cross-comparison study of three ELISA methodologies to measure Shigella Sonnei O-antigen serum IgG.

Stickings P. et al, (2025), mSphere, 10

Non-typhoidal Salmonella combination vaccines: clinical development plan and regulatory considerations.

Excler J-L. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 62

Treatment outcomes in patients with VEXAS syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.

Al-Hakim A. et al, (2025), The Lancet. Rheumatology, 7, e472 - e484

The TyphiNET data visualisation dashboard: unlocking Salmonella Typhi genomics data to support public health

Dyson ZA. et al, (2025), Genome Medicine, 17

Consultation report - considerations for a regulatory pathway for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccines for use in endemic countries.

Ibarz-Pavon AB. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 56

BactiVac, the Bacterial Vaccines Network.

MacLennan CA. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 57

Landscape analysis of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease and iNTS vaccine use case and demand: Report of a WHO expert consultation.

Emary K. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 55

Comparison of short- and long-term humoral immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines in an HIV-infected population.

Faustini SE. et al, (2024), The Journal of infection, 89

Evaluation of a Quadrivalent Shigella flexneri Serotype 2a, 3a, 6, and Shigella sonnei O-Specific Polysaccharide and IpaB MAPS Vaccine.

Boerth EM. et al, (2024), Vaccines, 12

The 2022 Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference: Summary of breakout workshops.

Baqar S. et al, (2024), Vaccine, 42, 1445 - 1453

Optimizing Vaccine Trials for Enteric Diseases: The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study.

Vannice K. et al, (2024), Open forum infectious diseases, 11, S1 - S5

IgG Serum Antibodies to Shigella sonnei Lipopolysaccharide Are Inversely Associated with the Incidence of Culture-Proven S. sonnei Shigellosis in Israeli Children and Adolescents.

Asato V. et al, (2024), Vaccines, 12

Clinical and regulatory development strategies for Shigella vaccines intended for children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries.

Giersing BK. et al, (2023), The Lancet. Global health, 11, e1819 - e1826

genomic appraisal of invasive Salmonella Typhimurium and associated antibiotic resistance in sub-Saharan Africa.

Van Puyvelde S. et al, (2023), Nature communications, 14

genomic appraisal of invasive Salmonella Typhimurium and associated antibiotic resistance in sub-Saharan Africa.

Van Puyvelde S. et al, (2023), Nature communications, 14

Salmonella Combination Vaccines: Moving Beyond Typhoid

MacLennan CA. et al, (2023), Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 10, S58 - S66

Efficient Autotransporter-Mediated Extracellular Secretion of a Heterologous Recombinant Protein by Escherichia coli.

Beriotto I. et al, (2023), Microbiology spectrum, 11

Consequences of Shigella infection in young children: a systematic review.

Libby TE. et al, (2023), International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 129, 78 - 95

Threshold protective levels of serum IgG to Shigella lipopolysaccharide: re-analysis of Shigella vaccine trials data.

Cohen D. et al, (2023), Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 29, 366 - 371

Severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections

Abuga KM. et al, (2023), Wellcome Open Research, 8, 48 - 48

Exploring the variables influencing the immune response of traditional and innovative glycoconjugate vaccines.

Micoli F. et al, (2023), Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 10

Vi polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines afford similar early, IgM or IgG-independent control of infection but boosting with conjugated Vi vaccines sustains the efficacy of immune responses.

Jossi SE. et al, (2023), Frontiers in immunology, 14

Immune responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for vaccine development.

Belcher T. et al, (2023), Frontiers in immunology, 14

Complementary measurement of nontyphoidal Salmonella-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in oral fluid and serum.

Elias SC. et al, (2023), Heliyon, 9

Shigellosis

MacLennan CA., (2023), 2, 1980 - 1982.e1

Frontiers in Shigella Vaccine Development.

MacLennan CA. and Steele AD., (2022), Vaccines, 10

Impact and Control of Sugar Size in Glycoconjugate Vaccines.

Stefanetti G. et al, (2022), Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27

The Shigella Vaccines Pipeline.

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), Vaccines, 10

Genetic and Structural Variation in the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Causing Bloodstream Infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Van Puyvelde S. et al, (2022), mBio, 13

Critical Needs in Advancing Shigella Vaccines for Global Health

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225, 1500 - 1503

Pivotal Shigella Vaccine Efficacy Trials-Study Design Considerations from a Shigella Vaccine Trial Design Working Group.

Pavlinac PB. et al, (2022), Vaccines, 10

n adsorption method to prepare specific antibody-depleted normal human serum as a source of complement for human serum bactericidal assays for Salmonella

Siggins MK. and MacLennan CA., (2021), Vaccine, 39, 7503 - 7509

Typhoid in India: An Age-old Problem With an Existing Solution

Kumar S. et al, (2021), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224, S469 - S474

The immunology of infection

Gilchrist JJ. and MacLennan CA., (2021), Medicine, 49, 595 - 602

The Background, Role and Approach for Development of a Controlled Human Infection Model for Nontyphoidal Salmonella

MacLennan CA., (2021), 315 - 335

Short Vi-polysaccharide abrogates T-independent immune response and hyporesponsiveness elicited by long Vi-CRM197conjugate vaccine

Micoli F. et al, (2020), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 24443 - 24449

Outer membrane vesicle vaccines

Micoli F. and MacLennan CA., (2020), Seminars in Immunology, 50, 101433 - 101433

Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines and Enteric Fever Control: Where to Next?

Steele AD. et al, (2020), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71, S185 - S190

Gonococcal vaccines: Public health value and preferred product characteristics; report of a WHO global stakeholder consultation, January 2019

Gottlieb SL. et al, (2020), Vaccine, 38, 4362 - 4373

Outer membrane protein size and LPS O-antigen define protective antibody targeting to the Salmonella surface

Domínguez-Medina CC. et al, (2020), Nature Communications, 11

Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Clinical Endpoints

MacLennan CA. et al, (2019), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69, S591 - S595

Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Introduction and Overview

MacLennan CA. et al, (2019), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69, S577 - S579

Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Conduct of Studies

Talaat KR. et al, (2019), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69, S580 - S590

Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Immunological Assays

Kaminski RW. et al, (2019), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69, S596 - S601

The Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Design and Methodology to Assess Disease Severity, Host Immunity, and Carriage Associated With Invasive Salmonellosis

Park SE. et al, (2019), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69, S422 - S434

Genomic characterization of novel Neisseria species

Diallo K. et al, (2019), Scientific Reports, 9

How can controlled human infection models accelerate clinical development and policy pathways for vaccines against Shigella?

Giersing BK. et al, (2019), Vaccine, 37, 4778 - 4783

Cross-sectional study of IgG antibody levels to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella LPS O-antigen with age in Uganda

Stockdale L. et al, (2019), Gates Open Research, 3, 1501 - 1501

Bacterial flagellin promotes viral entry via an NF-kB and Toll Like Receptor 5 dependent pathway.

Benedikz EK. et al, (2019), Scientific reports, 9

Rapid transcriptional responses to serum exposure are associated with sensitivity and resistance to antibody-mediated complement killing in invasive Salmonella Typhimurium ST313

Ondari EM. et al, (2019), Wellcome Open Research, 4, 74 - 74

The essential role of complement in antibody‐mediated resistance to Salmonella

Rossi O. et al, (2019), Immunology, 156, 69 - 73

Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease in Africa.

Gilchrist JJ. and MacLennan CA., (2019), EcoSal Plus, 8

Cross-sectional study of IgG antibody levels to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella LPS O-antigen with age in Uganda.

Stockdale L. et al, (2019), Gates open research, 3

Cross-sectional study of IgG antibody levels to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella lps O-antigen with age in Uganda

Stockdale L. et al, (2019), Gates Open Research, 3

HIV infection compounds the lymphopenia associated with cerebral malaria in Malawian children

Mandala W. et al, (2018), Journal of Blood Medicine, Volume 10, 9 - 18

Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016

Khalil IA. et al, (2018), The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18, 1229 - 1240

Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy of equivalent outer membrane vesicle and glycoconjugate vaccines against nontyphoidal Salmonella

Micoli F. et al, (2018), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 10428 - 10433

Update on vaccines for enteric pathogens

Riddle MS. et al, (2018), Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24, 1039 - 1045

IgG Responses to Porins and Lipopolysaccharide within an Outer Membrane-Based Vaccine against NontyphoidalSalmonellaDevelop at Discordant Rates

Schager AE. et al, (2018), mBio, 9

Risk of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in African children is modified by STAT4

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2018), Nature Communications, 9

The influence of conjugation variables on the design and immunogenicity of a glycoconjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi

Arcuri M. et al, (2017), PLOS ONE, 12, e0189100 - e0189100

IgG1 Is Required for Optimal Protection after Immunization with the Purified Porin OmpD from Salmonella Typhimurium

Zhang Y. et al, (2017), The Journal of Immunology, 199, 4103 - 4109

Presentation of life-threatening invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Malawian children: A prospective observational study

MacLennan CA. et al, (2017), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, e0006027 - e0006027

The immunology of infection

Gilchrist JJ. and MacLennan CA., (2017), Medicine, 45, 587 - 596

Role of sapA and yfgA in Susceptibility to Antibody-Mediated Complement-Dependent Killing and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Ondari EM. et al, (2017), Infection and Immunity, 85

Leukocyte counts and lymphocyte subsets in relation to pregnancy and HIV infection in Malawian women

Mandala WL. et al, (2017), American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 78

ge- and sex-related changes in hematological parameters in healthy Malawians

Mandala W. et al, (2017), Journal of Blood Medicine, Volume 8, 123 - 130

Contribution of factor H-Binding protein sequence to the cross-reactivity of meningococcal native outer membrane vesicle vaccines with over-expressed fHbp variant group 1

Marini A. et al, (2017), PLOS ONE, 12, e0181508 - e0181508

Erratum: Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings

Feasey NA. et al, (2017), Nature Genetics, 49, 651 - 651

Cytokine Profiles in Malawian Children Presenting with Uncomplicated Malaria, Severe Malarial Anemia, and Cerebral Malaria

Mandala WL. et al, (2017), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 24

The Use of Plasmapheresis in Patients with Bronchiectasis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection and Inhibitory Antibodies

Wells TJ. et al, (2017), American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195, 955 - 958

Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Adjuvanted Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis

Fiorino F. et al, (2017), Frontiers in Immunology, 8

Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014)

Uche IV. et al, (2017), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, e0005118 - e0005118

Characterization of O-antigen delivered by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal Salmonella

De Benedetto G. et al, (2017), Vaccine, 35, 419 - 426

INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA BACTEREMIA AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: MAL055 RTS, S/AS01 SALMONELLA ANCILLARY STUDY

MacLennan CA. et al, (2017), AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 97, 616 - 617

Immunogenicity of a bivalent adjuvanted glycoconjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis

Fiorino F. et al, (2017), EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 47, 38 - 39

Brief Report: Immunization of HIV-Infected Adults in the UK With Haemophilus influenzae b/Meningococcal C Glycoconjugate and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

MacLennan CA. et al, (2016), JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 73, 287 - 293

n extended genotyping framework for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of human typhoid

Wong VK. et al, (2016), Nature Communications, 7

Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings

Feasey NA. et al, (2016), Nature Genetics, 48, 1211 - 1217

Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa

Wong VK. et al, (2016), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10, e0004781 - e0004781

Cytokine Profiles during Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease Predict Outcome in African Children

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2016), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 23, 601 - 609

Nontyphoidal salmonella disease: Current status of vaccine research and development

Tennant SM. et al, (2016), Vaccine, 34, 2907 - 2910

Status of paratyphoid fever vaccine research and development

Martin LB. et al, (2016), Vaccine, 34, 2900 - 2902

Monocyte activation and cytokine production in Malawian children presenting with P. falciparum malaria

Mandala WL. et al, (2016), Parasite Immunology, 38, 317 - 325

Bactericidal Immunity to Salmonella in Africans and Mechanisms Causing Its Failure in HIV Infection

Goh YS. et al, (2016), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10, e0004604 - e0004604

Toll-Like Receptor Activation by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens from Lipid A Mutants of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis

Rossi O. et al, (2016), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 23, 304 - 314

The Relationship Between Invasive NontyphoidalSalmonellaDisease, Other Bacterial Bloodstream Infections, and Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa

Park SE. et al, (2016), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 62, S23 - S31

Lymphocyte Perturbations in Malawian Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria

Mandala WL. et al, (2016), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 23, 95 - 103

Emergence of host-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis through rapid evolution in an immunocompromised host

Klemm EJ. et al, (2016), Nature Microbiology, 1

Differential Killing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Antibodies Targeting Vi and Lipopolysaccharide O:9 Antigen

Hart PJ. et al, (2016), PLOS ONE, 11, e0145945 - e0145945

New Approaches for Needed Vaccines: Bacteria

MacLennan CA. et al, (2016), 311 - 329

Comparison of immune response after vaccination with polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines against encapsulated bacteria between HIV-infected and HIV-non-infected adults in the UK

MacLennan CA. et al, (2016), HIV MEDICINE, 17, 26 - 27

Click Chemistry Applied to the Synthesis of Salmonella Typhimurium O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccine on Solid Phase with Sugar Recycling

Stefanetti G. et al, (2015), Bioconjugate Chemistry, 26, 2507 - 2513

Sugar–Protein Connectivity Impacts on the Immunogenicity of Site‐Selective Salmonella O‐Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines

Stefanetti G. et al, (2015), Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54, 13198 - 13203

Frontispiece: Sugar–Protein Connectivity Impacts on the Immunogenicity of Site‐Selective Salmonella O‐Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines

Stefanetti G. et al, (2015), Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54

Three Epidemics of Invasive Multidrug-ResistantSalmonellaBloodstream Infection in Blantyre, Malawi, 1998–2014

Feasey NA. et al, (2015), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61, S363 - S371

Sugar-Protein Connectivity Impacts on the Immunogenicity of Site-Selective Salmonella O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines

Stefanetti G. et al, (2015), Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 54, 13198 - 13203

Erratum: Genetic susceptibility to invasive Salmonella disease (Nature Reviews Immunology (2015) 15 (452-463))

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2015), Nature Reviews Immunology, 15

Strain Selection for Generation of O-Antigen-Based Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease

Lanzilao L. et al, (2015), PLOS ONE, 10, e0139847 - e0139847

Erratum: Genetic susceptibility to invasive Salmonella disease

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2015), Nature Reviews Immunology, 15, 663 - 663

T-Regulatory Cells and Inflammatory and Inhibitory Cytokines in Malawian Children Residing in an Area of High and an Area of Low Malaria Transmission During Acute Uncomplicated Malaria and in Convalescence

Nyirenda TS. et al, (2015), Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 4, 232 - 241

Monoclonal Antibodies of a Diverse Isotype Induced by an O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccine Mediate In Vitro and In Vivo Killing of African Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella

Goh YS. et al, (2015), Infection and Immunity, 83, 3722 - 3731

Genetic susceptibility to invasive Salmonella disease

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2015), Nature Reviews Immunology, 15, 452 - 463

Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and intracontinental transmission events

Wong VK. et al, (2015), Nature Genetics, 47, 632 - 639

n O Antigen Capsule Modulates Bacterial Pathogenesis in Shigella sonnei

Caboni M. et al, (2015), PLOS Pathogens, 11, e1004749 - e1004749

Relationship between Antibody Susceptibility and Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Characteristics of Invasive and Gastrointestinal Nontyphoidal Salmonellae Isolates from Kenya

Onsare RS. et al, (2015), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9, e0003573 - e0003573

Design of Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Invasive African Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Rondini S. et al, (2015), Infection and Immunity, 83, 996 - 1007

Simplified low-cost production of O-antigen from Salmonella Typhimurium Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA)

Meloni E. et al, (2015), Journal of Biotechnology, 198, 46 - 52

Structural analysis of the O-acetylated O-polysaccharide isolated from Salmonella paratyphi A and used for vaccine preparation

Ravenscroft N. et al, (2015), Carbohydrate Research, 404, 108 - 116

Genetic variants associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in African children

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2015), The Lancet, 385, S13 - S13

Comparison of Colorimetric Assays with Quantitative Amino Acid Analysis for Protein Quantification of Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA)

Rossi O. et al, (2015), Molecular Biotechnology, 57, 84 - 93

Increased severity of respiratory infections associated with elevated anti-LPS IgG2 which inhibits serum bactericidal killing

Wells TJ. et al, (2014), Journal of Experimental Medicine, 211, 1893 - 1904

Sequential Acquisition of T Cells and Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Malawian Children

Nyirenda TS. et al, (2014), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 210, 56 - 64

Vaccines against invasiveSalmonelladisease

MacLennan CA. et al, (2014), Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 10, 1478 - 1493

broadly-protective vaccine against meningococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa based on Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA)

Koeberling O. et al, (2014), Vaccine, 32, 2688 - 2695

n overview of invasive non-typhoidalSalmonella(iNTS) epidemiology

Levine M. et al, (2014), International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21, 11 - 11

Differential timing of antibody‐mediated phagocytosis and cell‐free killing of invasive African Salmonella allows immune evasion

Siggins MK. et al, (2014), European Journal of Immunology, 44, 1093 - 1098

ntibody to OmpD from Salmonella Typhimurium reveals the complex roles of LPS O chain in restricting protection from vaccination

Medina CCD. et al, (2014), IMMUNOLOGY, 143, 182 - 182

Characterization of the yehUT Two-Component Regulatory System of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Typhimurium

Wong VK. et al, (2013), PLoS ONE, 8, e84567 - e84567

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Micoli F. et al, (2013), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 19077 - 19082

Meningococcal X polysaccharide quantification by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using synthetic N-acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate as standard

Micoli F. et al, (2013), Analytical Biochemistry, 442, 259 - 261

Comparing the Roles of Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica in High- and Low-Income Countries and Implications for Vaccine Development

MacLennan CA. and Tennant SM., (2013), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 20, 1487 - 1490

Priorities for research on meningococcal disease and the impact of serogroup A vaccination in the African meningitis belt

Greenwood B., (2013), Vaccine, 31, 1453 - 1457

Genotypic Homogeneity of Multidrug Resistant S. Typhimurium Infecting Distinct Adult and Childhood Susceptibility Groups in Blantyre, Malawi

Msefula CL. et al, (2012), PLoS ONE, 7, e42085 - e42085

Can we defeat meningococcal disease in low and middle income countries?

Greenwood B. et al, (2012), Vaccine, 30, B63 - B66

Identification of a common immune signature in murine and human systemic Salmonellosis

Lee S-J. et al, (2012), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 4998 - 5003

Measurement of antibodies to pneumococcal, meningococcal and haemophilus polysaccharides, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids using a 19-plexed assay

Whitelegg AME. et al, (2012), Journal of Immunological Methods, 377, 37 - 46

SadA, a Trimeric Autotransporter from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium, Can Promote Biofilm Formation and Provides Limited Protection against Infection

Raghunathan D. et al, (2011), Infection and Immunity, 79, 4342 - 4352

Vaccine-Derived Poliomyelitis 12 Years after Infection

(2011), New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 1355 - 1355

Correction: Absent Bactericidal Activity of Mouse Serum Against Invasive African Nontyphoidal Salmonella Results from Impaired Complement Function but Not a Lack of Antibody

Siggins MK. et al, (2011), The Journal of Immunology, 186, 4527 - 4527

bsent Bactericidal Activity of Mouse Serum against Invasive African Nontyphoidal Salmonella Results from Impaired Complement Function but Not a Lack of Antibody

Siggins MK. et al, (2011), The Journal of Immunology, 186, 2365 - 2371

T Cell Subset Enumeration and Weekend HIV Clinics: Reliable Performance of CD4 Cell Counts after 3 Days

Seeley AE. et al, (2010), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 51, 1107 - 1108

Early Interferon-γ Production in Human Lymphocyte Subsets in Response to Nontyphoidal Salmonella Demonstrates Inherent Capacity in Innate Cells

Nyirenda TS. et al, (2010), PLoS ONE, 5, e13667 - e13667

Dysregulated Humoral Immunity to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in HIV-Infected African Adults

MacLennan CA. et al, (2010), Science, 328, 508 - 512

Importance of antibody and complement for oxidative burst and killing of invasive nontyphoidalSalmonellaby blood cells in Africans

Gondwe EN. et al, (2010), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 3070 - 3075

Lymphocyte subsets in healthy Malawians: Implications for immunologic assessment of HIV infection in Africa

Mandala WL. et al, (2010), Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125, 203 - 208

Epidemic multiple drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium causing invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa have a distinct genotype

Kingsley RA. et al, (2009), Genome Research, 19, 2279 - 2287

Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies in Kenyan Children with Severe Falciparum Malaria

Mturi N. et al, (2008), The Open Tropical Medicine Journal, 1, 56 - 62

Preferential expression of AChR ε-subunit in thymomas from patients with myasthenia gravis

MacLennan CA. et al, (2008), Journal of Neuroimmunology, 201-202, 28 - 32

The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children

MacLennan CA. et al, (2008), Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118, 1553 - 1562

dable pediatric CD4 counting by flow cytometry in Malawi

MacLennan CA. et al, (2008), Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry, 74B, S90 - S97

Platelet‐Induced Clumping ofPlasmodium falciparum–Infected Erythrocytes from Malawian Patients with Cerebral Malaria—Possible Modulation In Vivo by Thrombocytopenia

Wassmer SC. et al, (2008), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 197, 72 - 78

LEUCOCYTES AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERE MALARIA IN MALAWIAN CHILDREN

Mandala WL. et al, (2008), AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 79, 100 - 100

Erratum: Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of a simplified low cost method of counting CD4 cells with flow cytometry in Malawi: Diagnostic accuracy study (British Medical Journal (2007) 335, (190-194))

MacLennan CA., (2007), British Medical Journal, 335

Finger-prick blood samples can be used interchangeably with venous samples for CD4 cell counting indicating their potential for use in CD4 rapid tests

MacLennan CA. et al, (2007), AIDS, 21, 1643 - 1645

Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of a simplified low cost method of counting CD4 cells with flow cytometry in Malawi: diagnostic accuracy study

MacLennan CA. et al, (2007), BMJ, 335, 190 - 190

Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of a simplified low cost method of counting CD4 cells with flow cytometry in Malawi: diagnostic accuracy study (vol 335, pg 190, 2007)

MacLennan CA., (2007), BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 335, 805 - 805

What threat from persistent vaccine-related poliovirus?

MacLennan C. and MacLennan J., (2005), The Lancet, 366, 351 - 353

nti-Interleukin-12 Antibody Treatment for Crohn Disease: Potential Risk of Invasive Disease Due to Mycobacteria and Salmonellae Infection

MacLennan C. et al, (2005), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40, 1381 - 1382

Immunological mechanisms determining why some African children develop severe malarial anaemia (SMA) and others cerebral malaria (CM) in response to P-falciparum infection [MIM-WM-392094]

Mandala W. et al, (2005), ACTA TROPICA, 95, S71 - S72

Heterogeneity in the granulomatous response to mycobacterial infection in patients with defined genetic mutations in the interleukin 12‐dependent interferon‐gamma production pathway

LAMMAS DA. et al, (2002), International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 83, 1 - 20

PREFACE

Barnett VE., (2002), Experiment, 8, 1 - 2

Chronic infection with vaccine-derived neurovirulent poliovirus in common variable immunodeficiency and implications for world health

Maclennan CA. et al, (2001), JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, 107, S304 - S305

ntibodies Affecting Ion Channel Function in Acquired Neuromyotonia, in Seropositive and Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis, and in Antibody‐mediated Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

VINCENT A. et al, (1998), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 841, 482 - 496

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Calman A. MacLennan

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