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BackgroundInvasive salmonellosis is a common community-acquired bacteremia in persons residing in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a paucity of data on severe typhoid fever and its associated acute and chronic host immune response and carriage. The Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) program, a multicountry surveillance study, aimed to address these research gaps and contribute to the control and prevention of invasive salmonellosis.MethodsA prospective healthcare facility-based surveillance with active screening of enteric fever and clinically suspected severe typhoid fever with complications was performed using a standardized protocol across the study sites in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria. Defined inclusion criteria were used for screening of eligible patients for enrollment into the study. Enrolled patients with confirmed invasive salmonellosis by blood culture or patients with clinically suspected severe typhoid fever with perforation were eligible for clinical follow-up. Asymptomatic neighborhood controls and immediate household contacts of each case were enrolled as a comparison group to assess the level of Salmonella-specific antibodies and shedding patterns. Healthcare utilization surveys were performed to permit adjustment of incidence estimations. Postmortem questionnaires were conducted in medically underserved areas to assess death attributed to invasive Salmonella infections in selected sites.ResultsResearch data generated through SETA aimed to address scientific knowledge gaps concerning the severe typhoid fever and mortality, long-term host immune responses, and bacterial shedding and carriage associated with natural infection by invasive salmonellae.ConclusionsSETA supports public health policy on typhoid immunization strategy in Africa.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/cid/ciz715

Type

Journal article

Journal

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Publication Date

10/2019

Volume

69

Pages

S422 - S434

Addresses

International Vaccine Institute, Seoul National University Research Park, Republic of Korea.

Keywords

Humans, Bacteremia, Salmonella Infections, Typhoid Fever, Community-Acquired Infections, Incidence, Prospective Studies, Parents, Carrier State, Research Design, Adult, Child, Preschool, Infant, Health Services Research, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Africa South of the Sahara, Surveys and Questionnaires